Rekonstruksi Hukum Perikatan Islam pada Komoditas Unggulan Kepulauan Sula di Era Digital

AKBAR TAKIM Liem Akbar

Authors

AKBAR TAKIM Liem Akbar STAI Babussalam Sula

Keywords:

Digital Contracts; Maqashid Shariah; Islamic Covenant Law; Island MSMEs; Sociology of Law

Abstract

This empirical-legal qualitative study examines the reconstruction of Islamic covenant law in digital transactions of featured commodities across the Sula Islands. The background of this study is the shift of conventional trade toward Facebook and WhatsApp platforms in Sanana, which has created friction between the flexibility of cyber-market technology and the classical fiqh doctrine of ittihad al-majlis. This study aims to answer two questions, namely the extent to which Islamic covenant law is effectively applied in such transactions, and how an ideal legal reconstruction formula can be developed. Data were collected through social media observation and in-depth interviews with local MSME actors and legal practitioners, then analyzed inductively through the lens of sociology of law and Maqashid Shariah. The results show that the application of Islamic covenant law is sociologically effective, as the principle of mutual consent (an-taradhin) is fulfilled through trust-based social capital, yet remains legally weak due to the absence of written contracts and down-payment systems, leaving business actors vulnerable to gharar and unilateral breach of contract. As a reconstruction formula, this study proposes an integrative three-pillar model: legitimizing digital footprints as a modern form of Al-Kitabah, reorienting the contractual session into a virtual majlis, and perfecting qabdh through the strengthened role of local couriers as wakil al-mushtari. This study contributes a more operational legal model compared to previous studies, which generally addressed these three aspects separately.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Auda, Jasser. Maqasid al-Shariah as a Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach. London: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2023.

Ehrlich, Eugen. Fundamental Principles of the Sociology of Law. New York: Routledge, 2017.

Miles, Matthew B., dan A. Michael Huberman. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 1994.

Soekanto, Soerjono. Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: UI Press, 2015.

Zhang, L., dan S. Ahmed. “Artificial Intelligence and Islamic Contract Law.” Harvard Journal of Law & Technology 39, no. 2 (2026): 312–335.

Amin, Zulkifli. “Asimetri Informasi dan Keabsahan Shighat Al-Aqd dalam Transaksi Pasar Siber melalui Media Sosial.” Al-Mazahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum 12, no. 2 (November 2024): 201–204.

Asrul, Andi Muhammad. “Kesenjangan Digital dan Transaksi Ekonomi Informal di Kawasan Terluar Indonesia Timur.” Jurnal Kawasan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil 4, no. 1 (Maret 2024): 45–49.

Az-Zahra, Fatimah. “Fikih Muamalah Kontemporer Kontekstual: Konstruksi Hukum Akad di Wilayah Kepulauan 3T.” Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam 36, no. 1 (April 2026): 19–23.

Cahya, Satria. “Sosiologi Hukum Islam: Menyelaraskan Teks Akad dengan Realitas Empiris Masyarakat Pesisir.” Jurnal Sosiologi Hukum dan Dinamika Masyarakat 21, no. 3 (Desember 2025): 289–291.

Fahmi, Muhammad, dan Linda Wijaya. “Bias Perkotaan dalam Studi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Kontemporer: Telaah Kritis Literatur E-Commerce.” Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 9, no. 2 (Juli 2023): 210–215.

Fauzi, Ahmad, dan Muhammad Ridwan. “Reinterpretasi Rukun Akad di Era Komersial Siber: Studi Komoditas Lokal Indonesia Timur.” Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam 34, no. 2 (Oktober 2024): 112–115.

Hakim, Lukman. “Rekonstruksi Akad Digital Berbasis Kearifan Lokal: Menggagas Validitas Hukum Islam yang Inklusif.” Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Syariah 12, no. 3 (Desember 2025): 312–316.

Hidayat, Rahmat. “E-Commerce Syariah di Wilayah Non-Metropolitan: Tantangan Infrastruktur dan Solusi Kultural.” Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah 16, no. 1 (Januari 2024): 88–92.

Huda, Nurul. “Akad Digital dalam Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Kontemporer.” Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Muamalah 11, no. 2 (2024): 145–162.

Mauludi, Sahrul. “Digitalisasi Ekonomi dan Transformasi Hukum Akad Kontemporer.” Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Muamalah 11, no. 1 (Juni 2023): 45–48.

Pratama, Aditya. “Transformasi Majelis Akad dalam Transaksi Elektronik: Studi Fikih Kontemporer.” Journal of Islamic Business Law 8, no. 1 (2023): 22–39.

Rohman, Fathur. “Peran Jasa Kurir sebagai Instrumen Qabdh dalam Jual Beli Online.” Al-Infaq: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 15, no. 1 (2024): 78–94.

Sanusi, Rahmawati. “Metamorfosis Majelis Akad dari Ruang Fisik ke Ruang Virtual pada Pelaku UMKM Maluku Utara.” Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah dan Bisnis Kontemporer 7, no. 1 (Januari 2026): 14–19.